Karachi Economic Profile

SINDH REGIONAL PLAN ORGANISATION

DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT PROFILE/PLANKARACHI DIVISION1998

FEBRUARY, 2000 DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT PROFILE/PLAN KARACHI DIVISION 1998
CONTENT

Chapter Title Page No.
Karachi Map 1 Karachi at Glance 2 - 4
Chapter-1 Geographical Characteristics 5 - 9 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Location 1.3 Topography-(Tract/Zone) 1.4 Climate 1.5 Administrative set up
Chapter-2 Demographic Characteristics 10 - 12
2.1 Population 1998 2.2 Settlement pattern (size) urban/rural. - Statistical Tables 12
Chapter-3 Manufacturing 13 - 17
3.1 Existing Manufacturing 3.2 Industrial Small Scale Units 3.3 District potentials. - Statistical Tables 16 - 17
Chapter-4 Road Net work (Normal/F.T.M) 18 - 30
4.1 Existing Situation 4.2 Road Standards 4.3 Analysis 4.4 Development Gaps - Statistical Tables 29 - 30


Chapter-5 Education 31 - 68
DISTRICT SOUTH 31 - 38
5.1 Primary Education 5.2 Secondary Education 5.3 College Education 5.4 Technical/Commercial/Vocational Education - Statistical Tables 37 - 38
DISTRICT EAST 39 - 45
5.1 Primary Education 5.2 Secondary Education 5.3 College Education 5.4 Technical/Commercial/Vocational Education - Statistical Tables 44 - 45
DISTRICT WEST 46 - 52
5.1 Primary Education 5.2 Secondary Education 5.3 College Education 5.4 Technical/Commercial/Vocational Education - Statistical Tables 51 - 52
DISTRICT CENTRAL 53 - 60
5.1 Primary Education 5.2 Secondary Education 5.3 College Education 5.4 Technical/Commercial/Vocational Education - Statistical Tables 59 - 60
MALIR DISTRICT 61 - 68
5.1 Primary Education 5.2 Secondary Education 5.3 College Education 5.4 Technical/Commercial/Vocational Education - Statistical Tables 66 - 68
Chapter-6 Health 69 - 84
6.1 Existing Position of Health alongwith development gap. - Statistical Tables 71 - 84


Chapter-7 Water Supply & Drainage/ 85 - 101 Sewerage
7.1 Urban Water Supply 7.2 Urban Drainage 7.3 Rural Water Supply 7.4 Rural Drainage 7.5 Facilities provided through Rural Development Department. 7.6 Policy Issues/Options. - Statistical Tables 96 - 101 DISTRICT AT GLANCEGENERAL INFORMATIONKARACHI DIVISION
S.NO. DESCRIPTION UNIT INFORMATION----- ------------ ----- ------------
1. ADMINISTRATIVE SETUP
Sub-Division Nos 22 Talukas " 2 Union Councils " 11 Market Committee " 1 Deh " 92 Villages/Settlements " 607 Metropolitan/Municipal Corp: " 1 Municipal Committees " 5 Town Committees " 1 2. AREA Sq. kms. 3,530
3. DEMOGRAPHY -
Population (Total) Nos. 98,02,134 Male " 52,61,712 Female " 45,40,422
Rural " 5,32,869 Male " 2,83,459 Female " 2,49,410
Urban " 92,69,265 Male " 49,78,253 Female " 42,91,012 Population Density Per sq.km. 2777
4. AGRICULTURE (MAJOR CROPS)
Area Hectare
Cotton " - Rice " - Wheat " 119 Sugarcane " - Jawar " - Barley " - Rape Seed & Musteard " - Gram " -
Production
Cotton Bales - Rice M.Tons - Wheat " 132 Sugarcane " - Jawar " - Barley " - Rape Seed & Mustard " - Gram " - (2)S.NO. DESCRIPTION UNIT INFORMATION----- ------------ ----- ------------
5. INDUSTRIAL SETUP Large, Medium Size 1627 Karachi East Nos. 504 Karachi West " 616 Karachi South " 203 Karachi Central " 286 Malir " 18 6. ENERGY
Villages Electrified(200 & above) Nos. - Development Gap (200 & above) " -
7. COMMUNICATION: Kms. 640
Mettled Road Kms. 640
Un-Mettled Road (Katcha) " -
8. EDUCATION:
Primary Schools Nos. 2,229
a) Male " 1,723 b) Female " 506
Middle/Elementary Schools " 280
a) Male " 188 b) Female " 92
High/High Secondary Schools " 499
a) Male " 287 b) Female " 212
9. HEALTH INSTITUTIONS:
Civil Hospital/Specialist Major Nos. 11 Other Hospitals
Taluka Head Quarter Hospitals " -
Rural/Urban Health Centres " 10
Basic/Sub-Health Units " 36
Dispensaries (Govt.) " 22

(3)
S.NO. DESCRIPTION UNIT INFORMATION----- ------------ ----- ------------
10. UTILITIES:
Rural Water Supply Schemes Nos. 27 (Completed)
Rural W/S Coverage 1000+ " 27 Population Settlements
Development Gap* " 38
Rural Drainage Scheme (Completed) " 21
Rural Drainage (Coverage) 1000+ " 21
Development Gap (1000) Settlement " 44



















(4) CHAPTER-1

GEOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE KARACHI DIVISION:
1. Location:
The division derives its name from its divisional headquarters, which is the biggest city of Pakistan and provincial capital of Sindh. The city is said to have been founded by a small community of fishermen and a few businessmen in the 18th century. The city at the time was called Kulachi Jo-Goth (village of Kulachi) or Kulachi-Jo-Kun (Kulachi's well). The name was changed to Kurrachee in the early British days and in the course of time to its present name of Karachi.
The Karachi division comprised only one district at the time of the 1972 census. It now stands split into five districts, namely, Karachi East, Karachi West, Karachi South, Karachi Central and Malir.
The Division lies from 24-45' to 25-15' north latitudes and 66-37' to 67-37' east longitudes.
It is bounded by Dadu district in north east, by Thatta district in South east by the Arabian sea in south and by Lasbela district of Baluchistan Province in the West.
The total area of the Division is 3,527 sq.kms.

2. Topography:
Karachi may broadly be divided into two parts. The hilly areas in north and west and an undulating plain and coastal area in south -east. The hills in Karachi are the off-shoots of the Kirthar Range. The hills in north may be divided into two series of parallel ranges. The first series run for about 55 kilomenters, along the boundary of Karachi division with Dadu district, approximately in north-west direction. These hills are known as Mol Jabal in north and Gandak in south. They vary in elevation from about 300 to 450 metres above sea level. The highest point in these hills is about 528 metres in the extreme north where the boundary of Karachi meets with the boundary of Lasbela and Dadu districts. The second series are in the middle of the northern half of Karachi. These hills run in north-east to south-west direction for about 40 kilometres. The southern part of these hills is known as Mari Gati. These hills also vary in elevation from about 300 to 450 metres above sea level. The area lying between the above ranges is drained towards north-west in the northern half and to south and then to west in the southern half. However, the land to west of the second series of hills (Mari Gati) drain straight to west. A third series of low lying hills extend from Mari Gati, in south-west direction, almost parallel to the Hub river upto the cape Monze. These hills vary in elevation from about 300 to 400 metres above sea level. All these hills are devoid of vegetation and have wide intervening plains and dry river beds and water channels.
The south-eastern plain and coastal area of Karachi has a few isolated hills (Most of the area is, however, barren). In some parts where soil is fertile and water available, the land is used for cultivation.
3. Climate: The temperature is moderate in Karachi but the relative humidity is high in some months and varies from 58 per cent in December which is the driest month to 85 per cent in August which is the wettest of all the months. For the greater part of the year, a cool evening breeze is a great boon to the inhabitants of this area. The hottest months are May and June when the mean maximum temperature generally jumps to 35 C. The daily temperature at Manora Island and Drigh road, only 10 kilometres apart, vary appreciably. Drigh road is always hotter during the day and cooler during the night. The daily variation in temperature between Manora Island and Drigh road is sometimes as much as 9 C. At times, when the chilly Quetta winds blow from the north, the temperature drops even below 5 C, but such periods are rare. For almost half the year, including the monsoons, the winds blow south-west to west. The wind direction during winter changes to east and north-east, maintaining an ideal temperature of about 21 C. January is the coolest and the pleasant month of the year.
Karachi has scanty rainfall but surprising variations from year to year. The average annual rainfall is approximately 256 mm.
4. Karachi Coast.
It constitutes a coastal belt of about 100 km long between the Indus Delta on the south-east and Hub River on the West. Karachi receives only about 6 inches of rainfall during the monsoon season. As a result most of the coast, with the exception of mangroves, is devoid of vegetation. the coastal structures, buildings and installations are subject to severe corrosion. Sand dunes are frequent along the sandy and silty cum sandy beaches and the sand drift destroys even the scanty vegetation on the coast. The Lyari and Malir rivers for during rains only and drain in the Arabian Sea. They also carry untreated municipal and industrial liquid wastes. Human activity has strongly influenced the natural morphology of the coast and the quality of the coastal water. The coast at Karachi has the influence of Baluchistan Coast on the west and of Indus Delta on the east. karachi s a large city with a population over 9.8 million and has huge industrial complexes of Sindh Industrial Trading Estates (SITE), Landhi Industrial Trading Estate (LITE), oil refineries, steel mill, etc. There are two large ports located on the Karachi coastal area. Karachi Harbour and Port Bin Qasims, Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP) is located on the west coast. In view of these installations, Karachi Coast needs to be considered as a special area in the development of a coastal environmental management plan (CEMP). The coast from the Hub River entrance to Port Qasim entrance is about 50 N.M. the coast west of Karachi Harbour entrance up to Buleji consists of sandy beaches: the Manora, the Sandpit and the Hawkes Bay beaches, which are separated from each other by rocky protruding points. From Buleji to Cape Monze, the coast consists of hard conglomerate and/or shale cliffs which are being slowly eroded. Many small, normally dry rivers supply sediments to the coast in rainy periods. These rivers and the ending coast are the predominant sources of sediment to the sandy beaches west of Karachi harbour entrance. the littoral drift on the coast, west of Karachi entrance is in the easterly direction. The material consists of coarse and brown sand and contains no mica.
The coast east of Karachi Harbour entrances at Clifton is very flat. The sand is very fine and very different fro the sand of the beaches at Manora. A significant accretion takes place at the Clifton beaches. This coastline has been for 100 years reported to advance at an average of 30 ft/year. The littoral drift is negligible with a tendency towards eastward movement. These sediments consist of very fine silt with varying contents of coarser mica flakes. the annual rate of sedimentation within Karachi Harbour is about 800,000 cubic metres per year. the coast east of Clifton beach is sandy and extends up to Gizri creek where the Malir River drains to the sea. The Malir River also carries industrial waste from LITE area and partly treated urban waste.
Karachi Harbour backwaters constitute an important coastal water body for a variety of uses and abuses. the backwater area with tidal channels is undergoing changes including siltation/erosion from harbour expansion and reclamation. Lyari River flows through the Karachi harbour carrying a part of municipal waste, partly treated, and industrial waste from the SITE area. A fishing harbour is also located within the Karachi harbour.
5. Fisheries in Province of Sindh.
Fisheries activities in coastal areas of Sindh are at present concentrated at Karachi Fish Harbour, and to a lesser extent, at Korangi. There are other settlements along the coastline of Sindh where fishing is the predominant occupation. Important fishing settlements along the Sindh coast are Karachi, Korangi, Shams Pir, Baba Island, Saleh abad, Baba Island, Bhit Island, Adamabad, Buleji, Bungalow, Garrison, Bhit (Khori), Manjhar, Gizri, Ibrahim Hydari, Rehri and a number of small fishing centres in the Indus Estuarine areas. CHAPTER- 2
DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS
The Karachi Division comprising five districts is spread over 3530 sq.km that is 2.50% of the total geographical area of Sindh. Karachi has a population around 98,02,000 million or 32.68% of the total population of the province it ranked according to census population 1998 1st to whole country, within the 1981-98 intercensal period a spend of 17 years, the population of Karachi has grown by 43,64,016 at an annual growth rate of 3.52% over the last three decades, Karachi showed the highest rate of urbanisation as compared with the other bigger cities of whole Pakistan, about 94.56% or 92,69,000 million of its total population lived in urban areas in 1998 and remaining population only 5,33,000 or 5.44% is settled in rural areas, Karachi was the biggest gainer of migrant since 1951 as compared to other cities of whole country.
In accordance with the land area of Karachi division i.e. 3530 sq.km, there is density of 2779 persons per sq.km as compared to 1542 persons in 1981. The sex ratio (male per 100 females) is worked out at 116, this ratio is also constituted 114 males in rural and 116 urban areas respectively. According to the 1998 Housing Census, there are 15,31,234 households in Karachi division consisting 98,02,000 persons. Thus giving as average size of 6.4 persons per household.
Whole urban sector of Karachi division consists of one Metro Poletan Corporation and one Town Committee situated in Malir District.
Rural area comprises of about 280 settlement/villages falling in different group of population of 200 and above. A settlement is defined as "Place of human habitation from one isolated house to a big town or a city with certain identified location and name" on other hand the village as per definition of Board of Revenue Sindh, is defined as "Place of human habitation having at least ten houses", the village in population terms is therefore could be defined as a place of human habitation having population of about 70-100 persons (7-10) household size) and above (but not more than 5000) with certain identified location and name.
The rural settlement having population of 200 and above may be considered cut off point and need special attention by establishing a basic socio-economic facility in centralized locations in case it is expensive to provide such facilities at each of these settlements though these rural settlements (200-499) clearly qualify for a mosque school and provision of electricity. The rural settlements with population of less than 1,000 (500-999) may be considered for provision of primary education, electricity/pucca road facility and the rural settlements with population of 1,000 and above should be considered for all possible civic facilities to convert them into sub urban localities and to attract surrounding scattered hamlets to voluntary migration. CHAPTER-3
MANUFACTURING
EXISTING MANUFACTURING UNITS (LARGE & MEDIUM SIZE).
3.1 The major Industrial activities of Sindh Province exist in Karachi division. There are 4 Industrial estates functioning in Karachi such as Landhi Industrial area, Korangi Industrial area, SITE area Manghopir and North Karachi.
3.2 The manufacturing establishment in Karachi division (as shown in table 4.1) were reported as 1627 units during the census of manufacturing industries (CMI) 1997-98. By comparing with previous census that took place in 1990-91, under which 1273 units were reported, it shows that 354 units have been increased. The district wise Existing position of Karachi division is given as under:-
KARACHI WEST:
3.3 In this district there are 616 units reported during the last census which consist of 11 different Industrial group such as given below:
i. Food Manufacturing 29 ii. Packing Units 2 iii. Beverages 34 iv. Textile 159 v. Readymade Garments 163 vi. Chemical Industries 68 vii. Steel and Steel Product 31 viii. Fabricated metal product 52 ix. Electrical Machinery 18 x. Transport Equipment 16 xi. Chemical Glass Industries 44
3.4 The major Industries of this district are located in SITE, Manghopir and remaining units are located in various other areas of the district (other details are given in table 4.1).
KARACHI CENTRAL
3.5 According to the census of manufacturing industries (CMI) 1997-98, 286 units are reported which include 28 Food manufacturing, 155 textile, 27 wearing apparels, 11 publishing and Allied units, 10 Drugs and Pharmaceutical, 23 Chemical Glass Industries and 32 different units in this district.
KARACHI EAST
3.6 Landhi and Korangi which are also major Industrial areas of Karachi are located in this district. 504 industrial units are reported in the last census. The detail of major industries of this district is as under:-
i. Food 33 ii. Packing units 9 iii. Textile 50 iv. Readymade Garments 135 v. Lather & leather products 28 vi. Wood and Cork 14 vii. Drugs and Pharmaceutical 25 viii. Glass Industries 15 ix. Fabricated metal 24 x. Electrical machinery 133 xi. Misc. 38
KARACHI SOUTH

3.7 This district consists of 203 Industrial Units as reported during the census of 1997-98. The major Industrial groups comprise of 15 Food, 12 Textiles, 23 Readymade Garments, 50 publishing and allied, 34 Chemicals, 18 Fabricated metal products, 16 Transport equipment units, 21 Chemical Glass and 23 different Units are reported (details is given in table - 4.1).
KARACHI MALIR
3.8 The newly created district Malir comprises much of the rural area of Karachi division. The industrial activities in this district are confined to only 18 units of Readymade Garments as reported during the census 1997-98.
MINERAL PRODUCTION IN KARACHI.
3.9 Karachi Division having some mountainous area of the Sindh province inherits rich mineral resources. Table No.6.2 shows 4 types of minerals giving details of production from 1993-94 to 1997-98. The lease for mining of the following minerals has been issued is per following details, during 1997-98.
i. Ball Clay has been producing approximately 905 tonnes.
ii. Lease for quarrying Lime-stone has been granted production is shown as 987821 tonnes.
iii. Clay/Shal has been produced approximately 251251 tonnes during the year.
iv. Silica Sand has be produced at about 2985 tonnes. (Other detail is given in table No.4.2). CHAPTER-4
ROAD NETWORK
4.1 Karachi is not only a divisional headquarter but the biggest city of Pakistan and capital city of Sindh province. Between 1947 and 1998, Karachi city expanded from an area of 116 sq.km and a population of half a million to an area of about 3530 sq.km and a population of approximately 9.8 million. At the time of 1972 census, it comprised only one District. Afterwards, it was bifurcated into three districts, namely, Karachi East. Karachi West and Karachi South. Karachi Division now stands split into five districts namely, Karachi East, Karachi West, Karachi South, Karachi Central and Malir.
4.2 Karachi Metropolitan Corporation falls in all the five districts. The rural areas fall partly in Karachi East, Karachi West and Malir districts. Because of the peculiar division and overlap of boundaries of administrative districts vis-a-vis local bodies administrative units, we have considered all the five districts (Karachi Division) as a whole.
4.3 It is bounded by Badin district in North-East, by Dadu district in the east by Thatta district in South East by the Arabian Sea in South and by Lasbela district of Baluchistan province in the West.
COMMUNICATIONS
4.4 Karachi is the most industrialised and commercialized area in Pakistan. It should therefore have an adequate communication network whether it be with the rest of the country or within the city itself.
4.5 The existing road net work in Karachi Division is fairly good. It is connected with the rest of Country by supper highway, national highway and R.C.D highway. District South & Central have more roads in comparison to remaining districts.
4.6 Important road links in Karachi Division are given as under:-
i. Main Shahrah-e-Faisal connected with National Highway. ii. M.A. Jinnah Road connected with Super Highway through S.M.Taufique road and Shahra-e-Pakistan.iii. M.A. Jinnah Road connected to Hub Chowki via Mauripur road and Hub River road.iv. Mangho pir road.v. Road from Super Highway to Gadap.vi. Road from Super Highway to Darsano Channo.vii. Main University Road.viii. Korangi road connecting Industrial area.ix. Mauripur road connecting Hawks Bay Paradise point and Manora.
4.7 The overall position of roads (by type) is presented as follows:-
ABSTRACT OF ROAD MILEAGE (K.M.) OF KARACHI DIVISION AS ON 30.06.1998.
S.No. Items Metalled Katcha Total length Road in Road in in K.M. K.M. K.M.
i. Highways 439.21 - 439.21ii. Rural Roads 63.54 - 63.54iii. Farm to Market 183.86 - 183.86 Road.
----------------------------------------------- Grand Total: 686.61 - 686.61 -----------------------------------------------
Details of above roads, are given in Table -I.
URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM
4.8 Karachi contains many of the nation's major transport systems. It has Pakistan's two major ports: the Port of Karachi and Port Qasim. Pakistan's largest international airport is also situated in Karachi. Finally, the city is the terminus of major road and rail networks which link it to the interior of the country. This transport infrastructure has created jobs in the city and has transformed it into a major centre of national and international commerce and banking.
4.9 Karachi accounts for about 45 percent of total motorized vehicles in Pakistan whose number is increasing at the rate of 11 percent per annum but this growth is mainly due to increased number of private cars (41%) and motorcycles (43.3%). Buses are the cheapest and the only mode available to middle and low income house-holds but they are much short of the demand. There is only one bus for every 1500 persons.
4.10 Buses are operated both by public and private sector. The Karachi Road Transport Corporation (KTC) owned about 1000 buses but those on road never exceeded more than 500. A number of busses remained often un-serviceable for long periods. Corporation also suffered heavy losses due to leakage and pilferage of revenues. Finally, the Corporation has been closed recently. The private owners operate about 1500 busses which are, however, poorly maintained and ply under no time schedule.
4.11 There are also 4410 Mini Buses/Coaches and 4200 Suzuki Pick-ups and 6500 Delivery Vans but because of their limited capacity they can not carry more passengers save herding them together like sardines. In-addition, there are 11,202 taxi cabs and 2,50,708 Motorcycles and 12,700 Rickshaws meeting a large portion of travel demand. Traffic congestions in Karachi are not only due to number of vehicles on roads but also because of narrow width of roads in down town, road side encroachments by vendors and hawkers, road side car parking and absence of parking lots in central city, traffic mismanagement and mis-use of road space, long traffic jams at roundabouts and junctions is the common sight.
4.12 The Govt. of Sindh has, therefore, assigned high priority to the development of an integrated mass transport system in the city. Under KSDP-I, KDA has, with the assistance of the World Bank, undertaken a study to determine the feasibility of different mass transit systems for the city of Karachi. Various alternatives for an integrated system of light rail, trams, trolley busses were examined. The feasibility of system within available means and resources was given prime consideration. As a result of this study, 87 pivotal roads in Karachi have been identified as main corridors which would be provided with elevated express ways. The most important corridor (Priority-I) to be improved starts from Mereweather tower and ends at Sohrab Goth.
ROADS & BRIDGES.
4.13 Karachi has a road network of 7,400 kilometres under the jurisdiction of several different agencies resulting in an overlapping of responsibilities.
4.14 At present, several authorities build roads and bridges in various areas of city lying under their jurisdiction of which the KDA, KMC, Cantonment Board, Karachi Port Trust and Pak-Steel need mentioning. The KMC maintains a network of 7200 K.M of road. The corporation has very recently accomplished construction of a fly-over in Nazimabad, Over head pedestrian crossing at Guru Mandir and Liaquatabad No.10, widening of Karimabad and Nazimabad railway bridge and Mewashah bridge. The projects in hand include improvement of 12000 road Korangi, five bridges between North Nazimabad and Federal B. Area, and amelioration of roundabouts in Karachi Central District. The Zonal Municipal Committees have also demonstrated significant progress in improvement of internal roads and lanes and construction of footpaths. Under Karachi Special Development Programme, a project for improvement of regional road network was also implemented. It included the construction of a bridge over Malir River, link road connecting Korangi road with Shahra-e-Faisal and Shaheed-e-Millat road, Bund road along Malir Bund. The Project also provided Quaidabad Over pass including Khawaja Shamsuddin road. A grade separated Over head bridge over Shahra-e-Faisal and railway crossing has also been constructed under KSDP-1.
4.15 Work on several other roads and bridges had been started and completed upto year 1998 as detailed below:-
HUB-RIVER ROAD (BY KMC)
4.16 Hub River Road is an inter provincial road connecting Karachi with province of Baluchistan. Heavy vehicular traffic on this road provides facilities to the people of both the provinces. It starts from Sher Shah Round about and ends at Murshid Hospital (5.7 K.M). The work on the scheme stands completed.
QUAID-E-AWAM FLY OVER (CLIFTON FLY-OVER).
4.17 The traffic volume on the existing clifton bridge has increased many fold during last few years with frequent traffic jams. To over come this problem, this fly-over was constructed over the existing clifton bridge to connect Dr.Zia-uddin Ahmed Road with Chaudhary Khaliqu-uz-Zaman Road. Work on the bridge has been completed by KMC.
LIAQUAT ABAD FLY-OVER (5871 FT DUAL CARRIAGEWAY).
4.18 S.M.Taufique Road/Shahrah-e- Pakistan is the busiest corridor of the city. To eliminate traffic congestion on this corridor, and to enhance the transport and computer service of the industrial area of SITE and to provide higher service level for city's transport system it was decided to construct Liaquat Abad fly-over. It starts from Kehkashan Jewellers, S.M.Taufique road and ends at Medical Hospital Shahrah-e-Pakistan. Work on the Project is still under implementation with KMC.
GRADE SEPARATED OVER PASS AT SHAHRAH-E- FAISAL AND RASHID MINHAS ROAD INTER SECTION (RIGHT TURNS ONLY).
4.19 Shahrah-e-Faisal is the principal arterial road of Karachi connecting National Highway to the Sea Port. Shahrah-e- Faisal and Rashid Minhas road inter section had become very vital intersection in the last few years due to influx of population and tremendous land utilization in Gulsitan-e-Jauhar and Gulshan-e-Iqbal. Therefore, it because very necessary to construct a bridge turning right from Shahrah-e-Faisal to Rashid Minhas Road for safe and un-interrupted flow of traffic.
4.20 The bridge portion has two lane 24 ft wide carriageway and is 1375 ft long, with ramp 360 ft wide on the either side. It has 32 No.spans (each 40 ft. long). Work on the Project is at advanced stage of completion.
LILY ROAD RAILWAY OVER HEAD BRIDGE (FATIMA JINNAH AWAMI BRIDGE4.21 The lily road crossing is situated on main railway track from Karachi to Peshawar. Due to frequent closure of this railway crossing, vehicular traffic was repeatedly obstructed, creating serious traffic Jams congestion and inconvenience to public. Hence it was necessary to provide the overhead bridge on the main railway track to ensure smooth flow of vehicular traffic and also to provide safe crossing to pedestrians. Bridge is a 90 ft wide carriageway of three lanes on each side which are 1700 ft long. The scheme has been completed through Pakistan Railway authorities and is used by the traffic.
WIDENING OF LASBELLA BRIDGE (DUAL CARRIAGE WAY).
4.22 The Lasbella bridge had become totally inadequate to cater the volume of traffic due to abnormal increase in the vehicular traffic of this city and creation of new townships of north Karachi and Surjani town. It had therefore become essential to widen the Lasbella bridge with four lane track in each direction. Bridge is 400 ft long with 300 ft long ramps on each side. The Project is under implementation.
CONSTRUCTION OF JINNAH BRIDGE (PH-II)-KPT.
4.23 Karachi Port Trust has recently completed a highly spacious bridge project namely, Jinnah Bridge Ph-II which also include overhead bridge serving West Wharf, Keamari connecting them with M.A. Jinnah road, Maulvi Tamizuddin road and Mauripur road.
SOUTHERN BY-PASS:
4.24 In order to link the sea-port with National Highway directly (avoiding congested areas of city) Southern By-pass has been envisaged. It would provide direct link between Sea-port and National Highway through Moulvi Tamizuddin Khan Road, Korangi Road, Dawood Chowrangi and Qaidabad. A part of this road namely, Mai Kolachi Highway starting from Maulvi Tamizuddin road has been already completed. The construction of remaining link is required to be undertaken immediately to realize full benefits of the proposed Southern By-pass.
NORTHERN BYPASS.
4.25 Northern Bypass is intended to provide an alternate route from port of Karachi to the Super Highway. This Project will provide a means of access to the northern area of the city.
RAILWAY.
4.26 Karachi is the southern terminal of Pakistan Railway and has two stations linked with the national railway network. Besides this, Karachi is the only city in Pakistan which has circular railway system for its populace. This mode of urban travel is still one of the cheapest in the city. Karachi has 87 km long circular railway system which, however, plays minor role in carrying passengers. It meets about one percent of the travel requirements of the citizens.
AIRPORT.
4.27 Karachi Airport is the biggest of its type in the country in terms of size and passengers handled.
4.28 A flight leaves or lands in Karachi every 15 minutes with connection to all major cities of the country and the world. On average, 11,700 passengers use the airport each day while cargo handled exceeds 300 metric tons per day.
SEA PORT.
4.29 The Harbour at Karachi is the main sea port of Pakistan and one of the busiest in the Arabian sea. The Port is under the management of Karachi Port Trust (K.P.T) established in 1886. As the needs of the country have grown, Karachi Harbour has also expanded. However, due to increased requirements it was not able to take full load of ships coming into the Harbour. For this reason, a new Port at Bin Qasim has been built and is being used mainly for bulk cargo. This has eased the pressure on Karachi Harbour.


CHART SHOWING CARGO HANDLED BY KARACHI PORT AND BIN QASIM PORT.

Cargo in '000' Tons-------------------------------------------------------------------Port Cargo handled Import Export Total-------------------------------------------------------------------
Karachi Port 18720 4860 23580

Port Qasim 8814 834 9648

-------------------------------------------------------------------Total: 27534 5694 33228-------------------------------------------------------------------
ROAD STANDARD.
4.30 For identifying the development gaps there are certain standards about adequacy of roads which are as under:
i. 0.5 kilometre of Pucca road per 1 square kilometre of geographic area. ii. Road density based on cultivable area. (2, kilometres per 1 square kilometre). iii. Road density based on cropped area. (1, kilometre per 1 square kilometre) iv. Road network connecting settlements of 1000+ and 500+ population. v. Road length per 10,000 population. vi. Movement of persons goods and services.
4.31 The available international standard related to agriculture postulates that there should be atleast 2 km of road for every sq.km, of cultivable area. Modification of this standard appears necessary from two angles: Firstly, this standard includes katacha roads as well whereas we would like to evolve a standard in terms of metalled road only. Secondly, the standard is related to cultivable area which is invariably greater than cropped area. The cropped area standard of 1 km, of metalled road per sq.km of cropped area is also misleading. As in irrigated area, it must be much higher than in deserted/hilltorian areas. However, the settlements located in un-irrigated zone also require special attention and connecting of 1000+ & 500+ villages appears appealing except some settlements located in un-productive zones (desert, hill tracts); the settlements living therein with population 1000+ should at least be connected.
4.32 Under the population standard, urban settlements with large population would get more roads. However, the data of movement of persons, goods and services is not easily available.
4.33 Under these circumstances, the standard based on geographical area is most suited i.e. (0.5 km, of pucca road per 1 sq.km, of geographical area).
DEVELOPMENT GAP.
4.34 Super imposing the chosen/agreed standard of 0.5 km, of metalled road for one sq.km, of geographical area, we need a total of 1765 kms, of metalled road. With the existing road length pitched at 686.61 kms, additional road length of 1078.39 km, as per (development gap) is required to be constructed to meet the required standard in Karachi Division. Details are given at Table No.2.
ANALYSIS.4.35 A simple analysis of the road situation in the Karachi Division is given in Table No.2. The table shows pucca road densities in terms of K.M. per sq.km of geographical area. The pucca road density for Karachi works out as 0.19 k.m per sq.km of geographical area as compared to the respective figures of 0.15 k.m for the Sindh province.
4.36 According to High ways Department's road statistics Sindh Province had a total of 20781.45 kms. of pucca road upto June 1998 out of this 686.61 kms. (3.3%) were in Karachi Division which does not compares with its population share of 32.7 %. Comparative position of road length and densities as per geographical areas of various districts may be seen in Table No.3. CHAPTER-5
EDUCATION SECTOR
DISTRICT SOUTH:
The Majority of Schools in the District belong to Government which are functioning under the supervision of District Education Officer (Male/Female). Education is basic right of the people, therefore, Primary Education for Children male/Female is compulsory and free in the province of Sindh. The Education from Primary to higher level is an interconnected process which requires a proper feed back system of all levels of the Education, both for male and female.
5.1 PRIMARY EDUCATION
In existing primary school in 1997-98, there are total 366 Primary Schools (including mosque schools where education from I-III classes is provided) in Karachi (South) District with break up of 281 boys, 85 girls schools. There is total enrolment 54296 having 22483 boys and 31813 girls students. The participatory rate of primary education in Karachi (South) district is 23% for boys 18% and girls 28%.
As regards the teaching staff 3241 were engaged in providing primary education with 2138 female teachers. The teacher/student ratio for primary education comes to 1:17 for the district (male 1:20 and female 1:15).
In Karachi South, there were 6 closed/on paper Primary schools during 1997-98 as per record of SEMIS. 48 boys and 11 girls schools were lacking toilets. 122 schools were without drinking water facility. 93 primary schools including 15 girls schools are without boundary wall. 24 schools are functioning either in rental building or shelterless. 88 schools require repair, whereas 9 schools were working in dangerous buildings which require immediate attention of concerned officers to avoid any financial and physical loss of lives.
The Social Action Programme (SAP) has taken care of the Idea and has developed a following criteria which boost the primary education especially female education.
A. CRITERIA FOR RURAL PRIMARY SCHOOLS (2 ROOMS)
a) The first school in an area shall be established as mixed school. The second school in the same area shall be girls school.
b) Gratis of land provided by community for construction of primary school building.
c) No existing primary school within the range of 1.5 km.
For universalization of primary education there is need of opening new mixed schools and re-activation of closed primary schools, which will provide additional enrolment resulting in increasing of literacy rate. To resort the existing enrolment reconstruction/improvement in existing school building is required. To achieve these goals the following recommendations are made:
B. RE-ACTIVATION OF CLOSED PRIMARY SCHOOLS.
i) Stoppage of transfer/deputation of teachers from village schools to urban area or place of their choice.
ii) To close school located at remote places or in a settlement below criteria and having no school building may officially be declared as closed and a new school may be established at a deserving rural settlement that falls on the population criteria etc.
iii) In future, while appointing primary school teachers (male/female) preference may be given to local ara teachers. due to this at least non local teachers will not be the reason for closure of the schools.
C. CONSOLIDATION OF EXISTING PRIMARY SCHOOLS:
i. Buildings may only be provided to already established school functioning in a temporary accommodation, running under trees in Jhugis or rented building and having atleast enrolment of 60 children.
ii. Furniture/Electricity/Water/Toilet/Latrine facility may be provided to such an established schools that have suitable buildings and lacking such facilities in the first instance.
iii. Re-adjustment of existing schools buildings may be done through administrative steps. A simple executive order issued for introduction of double shift programme in urban/rural locations will change the scenario and will also save the anticipated development expenditure to be incurred on provision of separate building facility for boys & girls.
iv. The boys school buildings located in rural settlements with 1000+ population, with additional class rooms be made on basis of educational demands.
D. OPENING OF NEW MOSQUE/PRIMARY SCHOOLS:
i. Instead of opening new primary schools for boys (alongwith construction of a new building) in rural settlements of 500-999, following strategy is proposed to be adopted.
a) In case of a building available for school, 2 shifts approach may be adopted. This will result in full utilization of the available school premises.
b) Only mosque schools may be opened, where there is a gap in rural settlements above 500 population at the initial stage. After three years the mosque schools that attain an enrolment of 50 and more, after an evaluation may be converted into a primary school (boys). The building may be provided to such school where school is functioning without building.
ii. No new building should be provided where the schools can be run in shifts in the existing buildings of a primary school for boys or girls. This type of administrative action will reduce the development cost to be incurred on construction of new buildings.
E. CO-EDUCATION:
In urban area, co-education at primary level may be introduced and female teacher may be positioned there (mixed schools), to avoid development expenditure on establishment of separate girls school buildings.

5.2 SECONDARY EDUCATION
Secondary education consists of middle elementary and high schools. In its existing position there were 47 middle schools (39 male and 8 female) in district Karachi (South) with enrolment of 4098 (2729 male & 1369 female) with teaching staff of 393 (191 male & 202 female teachers) as per information available for the year 1997-98. Besides there is 7 elementary school having 1000 enrolment and 90 teachers.
There were 80 high schools (41 for male and 39 for female) as per information available for the year 1997-98, having 29288 enrolment and (10096 male & 19792 female) and 1736 teachers (618 male & 1118 female). There were 7 Higher Secondary School 3 for male & 4 for female in the district having 2641 enrolment (1257 male & 1384 female) with 234 teachers (113 male & 121 female) in the South district.
For providing secondary education, as a policy all urban locations must be covered. While providing secondary school for male as well as female in case of non availability of school buildings, middle school my be expanded and up graded to high school as per requirement.
5.3 COLLEGE EDUCATION.
The total number of colleges in the District Karachi (South) are 19 (12 Colleges for boys & 7 Colleges for girls having 34215 students (21,736 male and 12,479 female) with 605 teaching staff (male 323 female 282) are functioning in the district.
5.4 TECHNICAL/COMMERCIAL/VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
Presently Karachi (South) has one Polytechnic institute located at Layari having intake capacity of 100 students with enrolment of 100 students. 1 Commercial Training Institute having intake capacity of 80 with enrolment of 56 students and 2 Govt. Vocational Institute (Girls) intake capacity of 190 students with enrolment of 160 students. DISTRICT EAST:
The Majority of Schools in the District belong to Government which are functioning under the supervision of District Education Officer (Male/Female). Education is basic right of the people, therefore Primary Education for Children male/Female is compulsory and free in the province of Sindh. The Education from Primary to higher level is an interconnected process which requires a proper feed back system of all levels of the Education, both for male and female.
5.1 PRIMARY EDUCATION
In existing primary school in 1997-98, there are 403 Primary Schools (including mosque schools where education from I-III classes is provided) in Karachi (East) District out of total 403 schools 388 schools were located in Urban areas (252 male and 136 for females). 15 schools were located in Rural areas out of which 14 schools were for males and remaining only 1 for female. There is total enrolment 79068 having 35195 boys and 43873 girls students.
As regards the teaching staff 3956 were engaged in providing primary education with 3107 female teachers. The teacher/student ratio for primary education stands as 1:2 for the male and 1:7 female).
In Karachi East, there were 6 closed/on paper Primary schools during 1997-98 as per record of SEMIS. 85 boys and 31 girls schools were lacking toilets. 143 schools were without drinking water facility. 82 primary schools including 14 girls schools are without boundary wall. 39 schools are functioning either in rental building or shelterless. 173 schools require repair, whereas 10 schools were working in dangerous buildings which require immediate attention of concerned officers to avoid any financial and physical loss of lives.
The Social Action Programme (SAP) has taken care of the Idea and has developed a following criteria which boost the primary education especially female education.
A. CRITERIA FOR RURAL PRIMARY SCHOOLS (2 ROOMS)
a) The first school in an area shall be established as mixed school. The second school in the same area shall be girls school.
b) Gratis of land provided by community for construction of primary school building.
c) No existing primary school within the range of 1.5 km.
For universalization of primary education there is need of opening new mixed schools and re-activation of closed primary schools, which will provide additional enrolment resulting in increasing of literacy rate. To resort the existing enrolment reconstruction/improvement in existing school building is required. To achieve these goals the following recommendations are made:
B. RE-ACTIVATION OF CLOSED PRIMARY SCHOOLS.
i) Stoppage of transfer/deputation of teachers from village schools to urban area or place of their choice.
ii) To close school located at remote places or in a settlement below criteria and having no school building may officially be declared as closed and a new school may be established at a deserving rural settlement that falls on the population criteria etc.
iii) In future, while appointing primary school teachers (male/female) preference may be given to local ara teachers. due to this at least non local teachers will not be the reason for closure of the schools.
C. CONSOLIDATION OF EXISTING PRIMARY SCHOOLS:
i. Buildings may only be provided to already established schools functioning in a temporary accommodation, running under trees in Jhugis or rented building and having atleast enrolment of 60 children.
ii. Furniture/Electricity/Water/Toilet/Latrine facility may be provided to such an established schools that have suitable buildings and lacking such facilities in the first instance.
iii. Re-adjustment of existing school buildings may be done through administrative steps. A simple executive order issued for introduction of double shift programme in urban/rural locations will change the scenario and will also save the anticipated development expenditure to be incurred on provision of separate building facility for boys & girls.
iv. The boys school buildings located in rural settlements with 1000+ population, with additional class rooms, be made on basis of educational demands.
D. OPENING OF NEW MOSQUE/PRIMARY SCHOOLS:
i. Instead of opening new primary schools for boys (alongwith construction of a new building) in rural settlements of 500-999, following strategy is proposed to be adopted.
a) In case of a building available for school, 2 shifts approach may be adopted. This will result in full utilization of the available school premises.
b) Only mosque schools may be opened, where there is a gap in rural settlements above 500 population at the initial stage. After three years the mosque schools that attain an enrolment of 50 and more, after an evaluation may be converted into a primary school (boys). The building may be provided to such school where school is functioning without building.
ii. No new building should be provided where the schools can be run in shifts in the existing buildings of a primary school for boys or girls. This type of administrative action will reduce the development cost to be incurred on construction of new buildings.
E. CO-EDUCATION:
In urban area, co-education at primary level may be introduced and female teacher may be positioned there (mixed schools), to avoid development expenditure on establishment of separate girls school buildings.
5.2 SECONDARY EDUCATION
Secondary education consists of middle elementary and high schools. In its existing position there were 40 middle schools (25 male and 15 female) in district Karachi (East) with enrolment of 5445 (2674 male & 2771 female) with teaching staff of 370 as per information available for the year 1997-98.
There were 168 High Schools (97 for male and 71 for female) having 83765 enrolment (34794 male and 4897 female) and 4061 teaching staff. There were 10 Higher Secondary Schools 5 for male & 5 for female in the district having 8971 enrolment (3934 male & 5037 female) with 419 teaching staff.
For providing secondary education, as a policy all urban locations must be covered. While providing secondary school for male as well as female in case of non availability of school buildings, middle school my be expanded and up graded to high school as per requirement.
5.3 COLLEGE EDUCATION.
The total number of colleges in the District Karachi (East) are 36 (Degree 32, Intermediate 4) out of which 23 Colleges for boys & 13 Colleges for girls having 51338 students (27255 male and 24083 female) with 969 teaching staff (male 530 female 439) are functioning in the district.
5.4 TECHNICAL/COMMERCIAL/VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
Presently Karachi (East) has one Secretarial training centre having intake capacity of 25 students with enrolment of 17 students and one Govt. Vocational Institute (Girls) intake capacity of 80 students with enrolment of 30 students. DISTRICT WEST:
The Majority of Schools in the District belong to Government which are functioning under the supervision of District Education Officer (Male/Female). Education is basic right of the people, therefore Primary Education for Children male/Female is compulsory and free in the province of Sindh. The Education from Primary to higher level is an interconnected process which requires a proper feed back system of all levels of the Education, both for male and female.
5.1 PRIMARY EDUCATION
In existing primary school in 1997-98, there are total 542 Primary Schools (including mosque schools where education from I-III classes is provided) in Karachi (West) District with break up of 453 boys, 89 girls schools. In all 328 primary/mosque schools are located in urban areas and 214 in rural areas of district. There is total enrolment 64512 having 31719 boys and 32793 girls students. The participatory rate of primary education in Karachi (West) district is 25% for boys 23% and girls 27%.
As regards the teaching staff 2516 were engaged in providing primary education with 1279 female teachers. The teacher/student ratio for primary education comes to 1:27 for the district (male 1:27 and female 1:26).
In Karachi West, there were 39 closed/on paper Primary schools during 1997-98 as per record of SEMIS. 198 boys and 34 girls schools were lacking toilets. 316 schools were without drinking water facility. 181 primary schools including 20 girls schools are without boundary wall. 36 schools are functioning either in rental building or shelterless. 129 schools require repair, whereas 10 schools were working in dangerous buildings which require immediate attention of concerned officers to avoid any financial and physical loss of lives.
The Social Action Programme (SAP) has taken care of the Idea and has developed a following criteria which boost the primary education especially female education.
A. CRITERIA FOR RURAL PRIMARY SCHOOLS (2 ROOMS)
a) The first school in an area shall be established as mixed school. The second school in the same area shall be girls school.
b) Gratis of land provided by community for construction of primary school building.
c) No existing primary school within the range of 1.5 km.
For universalization of primary education there is need of opening new mixed schools and re-activation of closed primary schools, which will provide additional enrolment resulting in increasing of literacy rate. To resort the existing enrolment reconstruction/improvement in existing school building is required. To achieve these goals the following recommendations are made:
B. RE-ACTIVATION OF CLOSED PRIMARY SCHOOLS.
i) Stoppage of transfer/deputation of teachers from village schools to urban area or place of their choice.
ii) To close school located at remote places or in a settlement having population below criteria.
iii Re-adjustment of existing school building may be done for introduction of double shift programme in urban/rural areas, this will change the scenario and will also save anticipated development expenditure to be incurred on establishment of separate school buildings.
iv) Expansion of boys school building in rural/urban areas may be made by providing/constructing additional class rooms as per need.
C. CONSOLIDATION OF EXISTING PRIMARY SCHOOLS:
i. Buildings may only be provided to already established school functioning in a temporary accommodation, running under trees in Jhugis or rented building and having atleast enrolment of 60 children.
ii. Furniture/Electricity/Water/Toilet/Latrine facility may be provided to such an established schools that have suitable buildings and lacking such facilities in the first instance.
iii. Re-adjustment of existing schools buildings may be done through administrative steps. A simple executive order issued for introduction of double shift programme in urban/rural locations will change the scenario and will also save the anticipated development expenditure to be incurred on provision of separate building facility for boys & girls.
iv. The expansion of boys school buildings located in rural settlements with 1000+ population, with additional class rooms be made on basis of educational demands.
D. OPENING OF NEW MOSQUE/PRIMARY SCHOOLS: i. Instead of opening new primary schools for boys (alongwith construction of a new building) in rural settlements of 500-999, following strategy is proposed to be adopted.
a) In case of a building available for school, 2 shifts approach may be adopted. This will result in full utilization of the available school premises.
b) Only mosque schools may be opened, where there is a gap in rural settlements above 500 population at the initial stage. After three years the mosque schools that attain an enrolment of 50 and more, after an evaluation may be converted into a primary school (boys). The building may be provided to such school where school is functioning without building.
ii. No new building should be provided where the schools can be run in shifts in the existing buildings of a primary school for boys or girls. This type of administrative action will reduce the development cost to be incurred on construction of new buildings.
E. CO-EDUCATION:
In urban area, co-education at primary level may be introduced and female teacher may be positioned there (mixed schools), to avoid development expenditure on establishment of separate girls school buildings.
5.2 SECONDARY EDUCATION
Secondary education consists of middle elementary and high schools. In its existing position there were 40 middle schools (36 male and 4 female) in district Karachi (West) with enrolment of 5051 (4621 male & 430 female) with teaching staff of 288 (201 male & 87 female teachers) as per information available for the year 1997-98. Besides there is 6 elementary school having 1426 enrolment and 33 teachers.
There were 57 high schools (38 for male and 19 for female) as per information available for the year 1997-98, having 25703 enrolment and (9831 male & 15872 female) and 876 teachers (439 male & 437 female). There were 4 Higher Secondary School 2 for male & 2 for female in the district having 2277 enrolment (846 male & 1431 female) with 118 teachers (60 male & 58 female) in the Karachi (West) district.
For providing secondary education, as a policy all urban locations must be covered. While providing secondary school for male as well as female in case of non availability of school buildings, middle school my be expanded and up graded to high school as per requirement.
5.3 COLLEGE EDUCATION.
The total number of colleges in the District Karachi (West) are 4 (2 Colleges for boys & 2 Colleges for girls having 1863 students (757 male and 1106 female) with 59 teaching staff (male 37 female 22) are functioning in the district.
5.4 TECHNICAL/COMMERCIAL/VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
Presently Karachi (West) has 1 Govt. College of technology at S.I.T.E. Karachi having intake capacity of 1254 students with enrolment of 4608 students. In addition to above there is one teachers training wing (attached with G.C.T) in SITE area. 2 Govt. Commercial Training Centre having intake capacity of 80 students with enrolment of 46 students & 1 Govt. Vocational Institute (Girls) intake capacity of 50 students with enrolment of 50 students. DISTRICT CENTRAL:
The Majority of Schools in the District belong to Government which are functioning under the supervision of District Education Officer (Male/Female). Education is basic right of the people, therefore Primary Education for Children male/Female is compulsory and free in the province of Sindh. The Education from Primary to higher level is an interconnected process which requires a proper feed back system of all levels of the Education, both for male and female.
5.1 PRIMARY EDUCATION
In existing primary school in 1997-98, there are total 359 schools (including mosque schools) where education from I-III classes is provided) in Karachi Central with break up of 259 boys, 100 girls schools. There are total enrolment 77950 having 35262 boys and 42690 girls students.
As regards the teaching staff 3646 were engaged in providing primary education with 2739 female and 907 male teachers. The teacher/student ratio stands as 1:39 for male and 1:16 for female. The enrolment participation rate at primary level on the basis of census 1998 is calculated 25.25 which is further bifurcated for boys as 22.60 and 27.97 for girls students.
In Karachi Central, there were 29 closed/on paper Primary schools during 1997-98 as per record of SEMIS. 26 boys and 3 girls schools were lacking toilets. 83 schools were without drinking water facility. 57 primary schools including 8 girls schools are without boundary wall. 41 schools are functioning either in rental building or shelterless. 111 schools require repair, whereas 3 schools were working in dangerous buildings which require immediate attention of concerned officers to avoid any financial and physical loss of lives.
The Social Action Programme (SAP) has taken care of the Idea and has developed a following criteria which boost the primary education especially female education.
A. CRITERIA FOR RURAL PRIMARY SCHOOLS (2 ROOMS)
a) The first school in an area shall be established as mixed school. The second school in the same area shall be girls school.
b) Gratis of land provided by community for construction of primary school building.
c) No existing primary school within the range of 1.5 km.
For universalization of primary education there is need of opening new mixed schools and re-activation of closed primary schools, which will provide additional enrolment resulting in increasing of literacy rate. To resort the existing enrolment reconstruction/improvement in existing school building is required. To achieve these goals the following recommendations are made:
B. RE-ACTIVATION OF CLOSED PRIMARY SCHOOLS.
i) Stoppage of transfer/deputation of teachers from village schools to urban area or place of their choice.
ii) To close school located at remote places or in a settlement below criteria and having no school building may officially be declared as closed and a new school may be established at a deserving rural settlement that falls on the population criteria etc.
iii) In future, while appointing primary school teachers (male/female) preference may be given to local ara teachers. due to this at least non local teachers will not be the reason for closure of the schools.
C. CONSOLIDATION OF EXISTING PRIMARY SCHOOLS:
i. Buildings may only be provided to already established school functioning in a temporary accommodation, running under trees in Jhugis or rented building and having atleast enrolment of 60 children.
ii. Furniture/Electricity/Water/Toilet/Latrine facility may be provided to such an established schools that have suitable buildings and lacking such facilities in the first instance.
iii. Re-adjustment of existing schools buildings may be done through administrative steps. A simple executive order issued for introduction of double shift programme in urban/rural locations will change the scenario and will also save the anticipated development expenditure to be incurred on provision of separate building facility for boys & girls.
iv. The expansion of boys school buildings located in rural settlements with 1000+ population, with additional class rooms be made on basis of educational demands.
D. OPENING OF NEW MOSQUE/PRIMARY SCHOOLS:
i. Instead of opening new primary schools for boys (alongwith construction of a new building) in rural settlements of 500-999, following strategy is proposed to be adopted.
a) In case of a building available for school, 2 shifts approach may be adopted. This will result in full utilization of the available school premises.
b) Only mosque schools may be opened, where there is a gap in rural settlements above 500 population at the initial stage. After three years the mosque schools that attain an enrolment of 50 and more, after an evaluation may be converted into a primary school (boys). The building may be provided to such school where school is functioning without building.
ii. No new building should be provided where the schools can be run in shifts in the existing buildings of a primary school for boys or girls. This type of administrative action will reduce the development cost to be incurred on construction of new buildings.
E. CO-EDUCATION:
In urban area, co-education at primary level may be introduced and female teacher may be positioned there (mixed schools), to avoid development expenditure on establishment of separate girls school buildings.
5.2 SECONDARY EDUCATION
Secondary education consists of middle elementary and high schools. In its existing position there were 62 middle schools (51 male and 11 female) in district Karachi Central with enrolment of 6766 (4718 male and 2048 female) having teaching staff of 538 as per information available for the year 1997-98.
There were 130 high schools (75 for male and 55 for female) as per information available for the year 1997-98, having 70281 enrolment (28870 male and 41411 female) with 3424 teaching staff (807 male and 2617 female).
For providing secondary education, as a policy all urban locations must be covered. While providing secondary school for male as well as female in case of non availability of school buildings, middle school my be expanded and up graded to high school as per requirement.
5.3 HIGHER SECONDARY/COLLEGE EDUCATION
All urban areas covered with Degree/Intermediate college or higher secondary school having classes upto XI & XII. There are 6 higher secondary schools 3 male and 3 female in the district having 7909 enrolment (male 1158, female 6751 and 436 teachers (87 male & 349 female) in the Karachi Central district. However in case, where there is no higher secondary school at town level, it may be provided by upgrading the existing high school (boys/girls).
5.4 COLLEGE EDUCATION.
The total number of colleges in the District Central is 24 out of which 14 colleges are for boys and 10 college for girls having 49457 students (with 20839 male and 28618 female) with their teaching staff (male 409, female 442 & 851 both sexes) are functioning in the district Central.
5.5 TECHNICAL/COMMERCIAL/VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
Presently Karachi Central have 1 Government Saifee Eide Zahabi Institute of Technology located in North Nazimabad having intake capacity 600 students with enrolment of 1467 students. One Government Polytechnic Institute for Women having intake capacity of 200 students with enrolment of 301 students, 2 Government Institute of Commercial Education having intake capacity of 240 students with enrolment of 272 students located in Azizabad, beside, these 1 Government Commercial Training Centre and Government Vocational Institute for Women are located in New Karachi and Azizabad having intake capacity 40/170 with enrolment of 51 & 200 students. Further two technical high schools (at Government vocational institute (women) located in Azizabad and Buffer Zone having intake capacity of both institute 120 student with enrolment of 80 students. MALIR DISTRICT:
The Majority of Schools in the District belong to Government which are functioning under the supervision of District Education Officer (Male/Female). Education is basic right of the people, therefore Primary Education for Children male/Female is compulsory and free in the province of Sindh. The Education from Primary to higher level is an interconnected process which requires a proper feed back system of all levels of the Education, both for male and female.
5.1 PRIMARY EDUCATION
In existing primary school in 1997-98, there are total 559 Primary Schools (including mosque schools where education from I-III classes is provided) in Karachi (Malir) District with break up of 464 boys, 95 girls schools. In all 138 primary/mosque schools are located in urban areas and 431 in rural areas of district. There is total enrolment 46161 having 26253 boys and 19908 girls students. The participatory rate of primary education in Karachi (Malir) district is 29.75% for boys 28.14% and girls 31.10%.
As regards the teaching staff 1882 were engaged in providing primary education with 1349 male & 533 female teachers. The teacher/student ratio for primary education comes to 1:22 for the district (male 1:6 and female 1:44).
In Malir District, there were 33 closed/on paper Primary schools during 1997-98 as per record of SEMIS. 266 boys and 29 girls schools were lacking toilets. 339 schools were without drinking water facility. 206 primary schools including 14 girls schools are without boundary wall. 58 schools are functioning either in rental building or shelterless. 199 schools require repair, whereas 28 schools were working in dangerous buildings which require immediate attention of concerned officers to avoid any financial and physical loss of lives.
The Social Action Programme (SAP) has taken care of the Idea and has developed a following criteria which boost the primary education especially female education.
A. CRITERIA FOR RURAL PRIMARY SCHOOLS (2 ROOMS)
a) The first school in an area shall be established as mixed school. The second school in the same area shall be girls school.
b) Gratis of land provided by community for construction of primary school building.
c) No existing primary school within the range of 1.5 km.
For universalization of primary education there is need of opening new mixed schools and re-activation of closed primary schools, which will provide additional enrolment resulting in increasing of literacy rate. To resort the existing enrolment reconstruction/improvement in existing school building is required. To achieve these goals the following recommendations are made:
B. RE-ACTIVATION OF CLOSED PRIMARY SCHOOLS.
i) Stoppage of transfer/deputation of teachers from village schools to urban area or place of their choice.
ii) To close school located at remote places or in a settlement having population below criteria.
iii Re-adjustment of existing school building may be done for introduction of double shift programme in urban/rural areas, this will change the scenario and will also save anticipated development expenditure to be incurred on establishment of separate school buildings.
iv) Expansion of boys school building in rural/urban areas may be made by providing/constructing additional class rooms as per need.
C. CONSOLIDATION OF EXISTING PRIMARY SCHOOLS:
i. Buildings may only be provided to already established school functioning in a temporary accommodation, running under trees in Jhugis or rented building and having atleast enrolment of 60 children.
ii. Furniture/Electricity/Water/Toilet/Latrine facility may be provided to such an established schools that have suitable buildings and lacking such facilities in the first instance.
iii. Re-adjustment of existing schools buildings may be done through administrative steps. A simple executive order issued for introduction of double shift programme in urban/rural locations will change the scenario and will also save the anticipated development expenditure to be incurred on provision of separate building facility for boys & girls.
iv. The expansion of boys school buildings located in rural settlements with 1000+ population, with additional class rooms be made on basis of educational demands.
D. OPENING OF NEW MOSQUE/PRIMARY SCHOOLS: i. Instead of opening new primary schools for boys (alongwith construction of a new building) in rural settlements of 500-999, following strategy is proposed to be adopted.
a) In case of a building available for school, 2 shifts approach may be adopted. This will result in full utilization of the available school premises.
b) Only mosque schools may be opened, where there is a gap in rural settlements above 500 population at the initial stage. After three years the mosque schools that attain an enrolment of 50 and more, after an evaluation may be converted into a primary school (boys). The building may be provided to such school where school is functioning without building.
ii. No new building should be provided where the schools can be run in shifts in the existing buildings of a primary school for boys or girls. This type of administrative action will reduce the development cost to be incurred on construction of new buildings.
E. CO-EDUCATION:
In urban area, co-education at primary level may be introduced and female teacher may be positioned there (mixed schools), to avoid development expenditure on establishment of separate girls school buildings.
5.2 SECONDARY EDUCATION Secondary education consists of middle elementary and high schools. In its existing position there were 70 middle schools (27 male and 43 female) in district Karachi (Malir) with enrolment of 2968 (1561 male & 1407 female) with teaching staff of 301 as per information available for the year 1997-98.
There were 33 high schools (20 for male and 13 for female) as per information available for the year 1997-98, having 9708 enrolment and 417 teachers.
For providing secondary education, as a policy all urban locations must be covered. While providing secondary school for male as well as female in case of non availability of school buildings, middle school my be expanded and up graded to high school as per requirement.
5.3 COLLEGE EDUCATION.
The total number of colleges in the District Karachi (Malir) are 4 (3 Degree Colleges/Intermediate Colleges having 4168 students with 128 teaching staff are functioning in the district.
5.4 TECHNICAL/COMMERCIAL/VOCATIONAL EDUCATION Presently Karachi (Malir) has One Govt. Pakistan Swedish Institute of Technology located in Quaidabad Landhi having intake capacity of 290 students with enrolment of 1741 students. 2 Govt. Jama Milia Polytechnic Institute located in Malir City having intake capacity of 340 students with enrolment of 1077 students. 2 Secretarial Training Centre having intake capacity of 210 students with enrolment of 203 students. 2 Govt. Commercial Training Institute located in Malir City having intake capacity of 120 students with enrolment of 151 students, One Govt. Jamia Milia Vocational Institute (Boys) having intake capacity of 200 students with enrolment of 350 students beside this one Govt. Commercial training Centre located in Korangi having intake capacity of 40 students with enrolment of 31 students. 2 Govt. Vocational Institute for (Women) having intake capacity of 80 students with enrolment of 48 students, 2 Govt. Commercial Training Institute having intake capacity of 80 students with enrolment of 56 students. CHAPTER-6
HEALTH SECTOR
6.1 Karachi Division, has 18 major hospitals (including 2 teaching hospital), 5 Rural Health Centres, 23 Basic Health Units and 33 Dispensaries with total bed capacity of 3215. There are 3816 doctors and 2853 para medical staff in public sector who provided treatment to 3298674 Out Door and 134789 indoor patients in the Karachi Division during 1998.
6.2 On the basis of existing health facilities, beds and pupulation, the population ratio per health facility stands as 15786 and per bed stands as 476 persons. District wise details are given in Table No. 8.
6.3 The Dow Medical College (DMC) Hospital Located in District South provides health facilities to Karachi city its adjoining areas and whole of the division besides other urban localities are either covered with R.H.C or B.H.U. The District wise coverage of Health facility is given in Table No. 1.A.
6.4 The existing Govt: sector health institution in Karachi Division by end of December 1998 cover 5 R.H.Cs, 23 B.H.Us functioning and 23 dispensaries. The District wise details are given in table No. 6.
6.5 In the Division with Health Facility of RHC or BHU also covered. However, there are still number of big settlements/villages which go without health facilities.
6.6 As per prescribed criteria, a Dispensary can be established in a rural settlement with population of 1000 and above having no health facility in the settlement or in the radius of 2-3 k.m. The condition of union Council is not applicable on provision of Dispensary.
6.7 The Government has accorded the highest priority to preventive programmes like EPI, as the diseases covered under this programmes are the major killers of children. Although significant achievement has been made by reducing the expected extent, however, in the coming years, the Government has to emphasize on improvement of preventive health programme and to eliminate or eradicate some diseases.
6.8 At present the involvement of MCH Services, trained Dais, Community Health Workers and Health Education would form part of an Integrated programme of Govt. within the Health Sector.
6.9 To implement the operational support for expanded programme on immunization in Sindh the Health Department, Govt. of Sindh has proposed a PC-I of cost Rs.77.873 million during the year 1998-2001 with following object.
(i) Vaccination of 90% new born infants and 100% remaining 12-23 months children against Poliomyelitis, Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Measles and Childhood Tuberculosis.
(ii) Vaccination of 70% pregnant ladies and 100% of child bearing age ladies with atleast two doses of Tetanus Toxoid in order to eliminate neo-natal tetanus. CHAPTER-7
WATER SUPPLY & DRAINAGE/SEWERAGE
OVER VIEW:
7.1 Karachi is the commercial centre and the largest city of the country and provincial capital of Sindh. The population of Karachi has boasted beyond expectation; it rose from a little less than 5 lac in 1947 to 9.80 million in 1998. It attracts rural migration more than any other city in Pakistan and because of this fact and as a result of natural growth in its population it is growing at about 6% per annum of which 3% is due to natural growth and 3% results from migration. Karachi is also Divisional headquarter.
7.2 Administratively, Karachi Division comprises of five districts, namely, Karachi East, Karachi West, Karachi South, Karachi Central and Malir. Except surrounding area of Karachi West, East and Malir, all districts are designated as urban localities.
WATER RESOURCES:
7.3 Karachi has an arid climate with an average annual rainfall of approximately 200mm (8 inches); the total varies widely, Occasionally it falls upto 800 mm (32 inches) in a year. Karachi city has no perennial river flowing by its periphery or even at any reasonable distance. Besides, it has no such vast tract of land which could serve as storage for conserving rainwater or flooding. The intensity & frequency of rainfall is extremely poor and un-reliable as it hardly rains twice or thrice during moon soon in some year while the city gets negligible rainfall for the last two or three years. Thus the city of Karachi has no underground water reserve that could be used as potential source for procurement of water. The sub soil water, when tested chemically and bacteriogocally revealed that it was brackish & also contaminated.
7.4 The above peculiar situation as to the availability of water renders this city a real problem and poses a challenge to its water management authority which handles the multiple requirement of this Urban Metropolis with a population of over 9.80 million. The task is indeed gigantic in a city like Karachi which is continuously growing with the addition of Satellite towns and where industrial estate & export processing zones have been set-up; Over & above this, heavy industrial complexes like Pakistan Steel Mill and a new sea port have also been established in the vicinity.
Sources of Urban Water Supply:
7.5 Rapid urbanisation and migration from rural to urban area and industrial development in the region are the main factors for increasing potable water demand. Before the establishment of Karachi water & sewerage board in 1982 Karachi Development Authority was responsible for providing the water to the inhabitants of Karachi. Presently, Karachi Water & Sewerage Board is responsible for distribution of drinking water to the people from the available resources. 7.6 The water supply network laid in Karachi is being fed through the following four sources.
1. Dumlottee Wells.2. Haleji Lake.3. Indus River.4. Hub Dam.

1. Dumlottee Supply:
7.7 During the Middle of nineteenth century, Karachi received water from five private wells situated in the city area and towards the end of century (1884), a number of wells were dug in the Malir alluvium near Dumlottee.
7.8 The initial Dumlottee masonry conduit with capacity of 5.5 M.G.D. water was constructed in 1884. A second and large conduit of 15.M.G.D capacity was constructed between 1923 & 1926. Other service reservoirs serving the Dumlottee system with capacity of 3.3. M.G.D. were built in 1896 and Sydenham with 6 M.G.D was built in 1913.
2. Haleji Lake/Gharo.
7.9 Haleji lake is an artificial lake which lies about 80 Km. East of Karachi. It was constructed in 1942 for supplying 45,000 m3/day (10 I.M.G.D) to Karachi. The lake was originally filled by an inundation canal from the Indus River during the monsoon period. The Water was supplied through a gravity masonry conduit to Gharo filter plant. The capacity of the system was doubled in 1953. The Gharo filter Plant with a capacity of about 90,000 m3/day (20 I. M.G.D) has been fed since 1962 through an interconnection main of 72 inches diameter from the open lined canal just upstream of syphon one to the Haleji lake conduit near Gharo creek.
7.10 The original storage capacity of the lake was 64 million m3 (14,000 million Gallon) which has considerably decreased due to its siltation. Haleji lake is presently used only for emergency storage in case the water supply from the Jam branch canal is interrupted.

7.11 Haleji water is fed to the greater Karachi bulk water supply system through a link canal just downstream of Gujjo Head regulator. The capacity of the link canal is about 150 M.G.D.
3. Indus River.
7.12 The main water source (1.77 MAF per year) is from the Indus River. The system begins with the Kalri-Baghar Feeder,(KB Feeder) which is part of Ghulam Muhammad Barrage system on the Indus at Hyderabad connecting the River with Kalri lake. Kalri lake, in its turn serves as a reservoir with a live storage of 0.40 MAF per year. A series of canals leading from Kalri lake provide irrigation water for agriculture in the vicinity of Thatta. One of these canals built by KDA in early sixties, namely KG canal which supplies drinking water terminates at Dhabeji/Gharo and 0.18 MAF per year is utilized for Karachi's Bulk water supply scheme.
7.13 Indus river is the largest source of water for Karachi and is expected to remain so for the unforeseeable future. The abstraction for Karachi water supply averages only 3.1% of the total abstraction for all uses at Kotri and only 12% of total used in K.B Feeder (Kinjhar system). The area providing water through the indus river source includes Central, East & South Karachi and part of North Karachi, Pakistan Steel Mills, Port Qasim Authority, Landhi Korangi & Malir Zones, approximately covering 73% of the Karachi region. 7.14 Karachi's bulk water supply system is presently based partly upon allocations from the perennial flow of the indus and partly upon the storage of flood waters from the indus, both of which are stored in Kalri lake.
Water Supply Projects based on Indus Source:7.15 The greater Karachi Bulk water supply scheme has been executed in five phases. The first phase is operating since 1959, which comprised (amongst others) the construction of a dual fuel diesel pumping station at Dhabeji, built up with a prestressed concrete rising main of 72" dia. After its completion the nominal capacity of system was 72 M.G.D. The second phase is operating since 1972, the capacity was extended to 140 MGD by installing an electric pumping station at Dhabeji (with nominal capacity of 75 MGD) and a second line of prestressed concrete rising main of 72" dia. It was, followed by the construction of a steel rising main of 72" dia. In the second phase also, the construction of 25 MGD pumping station at pipri took place. The third phase of greater Karachi water supply scheme was completed in 1976 and extended the capacity of system upto 210 MGD by the construction at Dhabeji of another electric pumping station with a nominal capacity of 75 MGD, a second steel rising main of 72" dia.
7.16 The fourth phase of Greater Karachi water supply scheme envisaged 50 MGD water for Karachi. 22 MGD water was allocated to Pakistan Steel Mill and 28 MGD water was transmitted to Karachi under world bank financed scheme (Cr.1374). The scheme in question has been completed by 1992 and extended the capacity of water upto 280 MGD by the construction of three pumping stations at Dhabeji, Pipri and Manghopir. 22 MGD of water which was earlier allocated to the Pakistan Steel Mills are also available for Karachi as they have abandoned this provision of water and developed their own independent/separate system of water supply. Additional 20 MGD water left in balance out of 70 MGD phase-IV Project has been also provided to Karachi through the scheme of Pumping and conveyance system completed through SDP/TSP funds.
7.17 The Karachi Special Development Programme-II included new water supply schemes for meeting the demand of potable water in the years ahead. It may be mentioned that in 1985, a British firm Messrs. Sir M.Mcdonald and Partners had prepared a scheme for supplying 240 million gallons of water per day to Karachi from the Indus Source. This scheme had been made the major component of the package of water supply works of KSDP-II. The other projects included in the programmes are the construction of filter plants for Hub and Fourth Phase Water Supply Schemes, Conveyance system for the balance water of Fourth Phase Scheme and interconnecting the southern Karachi areas directly with Greater Karachi Bulk Water Supply Filter Plant at COD Hills.
7.18 The main project of water supply and their quantity is as under:-
S.No. Projects Quantity
1. Haleji Lake/Gharo 20 MGD
2. Greater Karachi Bulk Water Supply 210 MGD
3. Hub System 100 MGD
4. Greater Karachi Bulk W/S Phase-IV 28 MGD Stage-1.
5. Delivery of Water from Pakistan Steel. 20 MGD
6. Metropolitan Water Supply Phase-V, 100 MGD Stage-1.
7. Greater Karachi Bulk W/S phase-IV 20 MGD Stage-II.
8. Metropolitan Water Supply Phase-V, 100 MGD Stage-II.
7.19 The water distribution network in some areas is old and outdated. Though in the absence of metering of individual connection, estimation of water losses particularly in secondary system is not possible, but one rough estimate shows that the losses are more than 18 percent of total supply. Due to increase population and limited capacity of water mains in some areas, water shortage creates crisis.
7.20 Under the Karachi Special Development Programme Phase-II a water supply scheme (Greater Karachi Bulk water supply Phase-V for 200 MGD was prepared, but due to financial constraints this scheme was bifurcated into two phases of 100 MGD each. Phase-V stage-I is already completed in 1998 whereas the phase-V stage-II is under process.
4. Hub Dam.
7.21 The other principal source of water supply for Karachi city is Hub Dam which is situated at 35 km north of Karachi on Hub river. Because of low and variable rainfall in catchment and high evaporation losses associated with long-term storage, water supply and irrigation demand on this source is met only at the 80% level of reliability. Thus, in five years, the supply of 100 Mgd (0.454 Mm3/0) to the Karachi Water Supply will probably entail a reduced supply to other users. The water from Hub Dam gravitates through canal upto pumping station at Manghopir at distance of 28 km. It is pumped to high point reservoir at Manghopir from where it again gravitates into the distribution system. The coverage of areas through Hub river includes North East Karachi, Baldia, Qasba & Orangi township and Sindh Industrial trading Estate (SITE). This source provides approximately 25% coverage to the city population.
7.22 The total supply from the above sources is 605 MGD of water against the overall demand of 820 MGD leaving a short fall of 215 MGD.( Table No.1).
7.23 The city is persisting still facing of water and the urban poor who happen to live in "Katchi Abadies" are worst affected with shortfall in water supply. The water supply pattern for the poorer communities varies according to location. These settlements which are located in neighbourhoods where pressure is adequate have either house connections or stands pipes. The supply is intermittent (2 hour per day is normal) However the urban poor living in the water deficit area are served through public stand posts. In areas where water supply is not extended through community stand post, the supply of water is arranged through water tanker.
7.24 The above alarming & unreliable situation calls for a dependable source and the city's water authority i.e. KW&SB is therefore planning for limited desalination along the coastal belt of Karachi & to go for recycling of sewage through sewerage irrigation on the pattern of WERIBEE Farm of Australia under which process the Sewage effluent instead being discharged into the sea would be diverted & applied for serving irrigation for growing fodder to support cattle farming as a by product and the applied effluent water that would percolate down, would provide a source of ground water recharge, which can be taken out through tubewells for re-use at least for cooling industrial plans, gardening, and other use except domestic which will be conserve potable water.
Urban Drainage:
7.25 The largest city of Pakistan Karachi have Sewerage collection and conveyance net work. Most Sewerage is discharged untreated to stream, river or the sea, damaging the environment and Jeopardizing Public health. The megacity Karachi is growing even more rapidly at about 5% per annum and due to high growth rate creating excessive pressure to provide improved and expanded urban service, particularly for environmental improvement infrastructure to reverse the existing trend of steadily deteriorating urban environmental condition.
7.26 Since 1986, the Asian Bank's strategy for Karachi Urban development assistance has been closely coordinated with world bank, providing assistance to the sanitation sector . This arrangement has been maintained to the present and provide an opportunity for the two institution to closely coordinate policy reform and provide the synergy needed for the investment in physical infrastructure.
7.27 Environmental pollution, caused by sewerage (domestic and industrial) is a major problem in urban area and KW&SB's main concern relates to pollution from both domestic & industrial waste water. At present KW&SB is supply 805 MGD of water to city of Karachi against which 363 MGD of waste water is generated, treatment capacity is limited. There are two main treatment plans, built in early Govt. of Sindh with trickling filter system of 20 MGD each is located in SITE Area and Mehmoodabad area, discharging into the lyari & Malir rivers. A third, smaller, treatment plant with aerated lagoons in the North Karachi, mostly the domestic & industrial waste water are untreated thus causing a major source of pollution.
7.28 The total length of secondary & truck sewers is 3544 Km mostly passed their designated life. As the quantity of water supply increase and city grow, the quantity of waste water increases from 218 MGD in 1994 to 303 MGD in 1998.
RURAL WATER SUPPLY:
7.29 The water supply facility in the rural areas of Sindh through a piped water system is to be provided according to the criteria which assigns priority to "A rural settlement with population of 1000 and above preferably having brackish ground water". In Karachi Division, 65 rural settlement having population upto 1000 are categorised in to 3 type of settlements in descending order according to their size of population taking into account the quality of ground water.
7.30 Presently, out of 30 rural settlements in Karachi Division having population of 1000 and above, 19 settlements have been covered by the water supply facility. In second category which includes 9 settlements with population ranging between 1999 to 1500, 5 rural settlements have been facilitated by water supply schemes while in the third category out of 26 rural settlements 3 have been covered by such facility. Thus, out of total 65 rural settlements 27 settlements are covered with the required facility of water supply as reported upto June 1997. District-wise details of uncovered settlements and their quality of water is given in table No.3.
7.31 For providing the water supply to uncovered rural settlements, 11 schemes are under implementation at the estimated cost of Rs.122.940 million during the current year i.e. 1997-98 leaving development gap of 27 uncovered villages, but according to criteria, 24 additional settlements with brackish water will require water supply schemes on priority basis. Details of completed, on-going schemes and number of brackish water settlements (District-wise) are given at table No.2 and 3.
7.32 A separate statement giving the Taluka-wise position of completed drainage scheme (year wise) and development gaps is given in table No.5.
RURAL DRAINAGE:
7.33 Drainage system in the rural areas of Sindh under the prescribed criteria is provided for "A rural settlement with population 1000 & above preferable having water system". Presently out of total 65 rural settlements, 21 settlement have been covered by the drainage facility. As per categorisation, firstly, 30 rural settlements having population 2000 and above. 18 settlements are facilitated by the drainage facility. In second category, only 2 settlement from 9 have been covered with drainage and thirdly, out of 26 rural settlements only one settlement having the facility of drainage system. District-wise details of uncovered settlements are given in table No.4.
7.34 For providing the Rural Drainage facility to the uncovered rural settlement only one scheme is under implementation with the estimated cost of Rs.19.635 million during the current year (i.e.1997-98), leaving a development gap of 43 rural settlements. According to criteria, 10 additional rural settlement with water supply will require the drainage facility on priority basis. The details of District-wise completed, on-going schemes and uncovered settlements are given in table 2 & 4. 7.35 A separate statement giving the District-wise position of completed drainage scheme (year wise) and development gaps is given in table No.6.